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Pheromone traps can detect the birth of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. For example, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian forests for many decades.22 In some regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of woods are sprayed with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the damage generated during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals visit or create their home in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban areas. Some contaminate foodstuffs, harm structural timbers, chew through cloths or infest stored dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others carry diseases or cause fire hazards, and a few are only a nuisance. Control of these pests has been tried by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing insects such as insects and rodents. Historically, local people or paid rat-catchers caught and killed rodents using dogs and traps.25 On a domestic scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using such means as pheromones, synthetic volatile chemicals or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; a few have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by appropriately baited spring cubes and can be caught in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be used to establish routes employed by rodents inside buildings and acoustic apparatus can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, firearms have been one of the chief methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specifically made to fire .22 grade snake shot or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers such as snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little damage beyond 15 to 20 yards, and they are relatively quiet when fired with snake shot, when compared with some standard ammunition.

They're also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shooter cartridge is .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot. In a distance of about ten ft (3 m), which is about the most effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Special smoothbore shotguns, such as the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns from 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which maintain 1/8 ounce.

Poisoned bait is a common method for controlling rats, rats, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other insects. The basic granules, or other formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so the employees have enough time to take the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent further egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and family pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance for this anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses nevertheless kill a wide range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a i loved this period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a construction to kill pests such as wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover like a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is costly and inconvenient because the structure cannot be utilized during the treatment, but it targets all life phases of insects.33.

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An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to disperse a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or airtight sealing, allowing most operate within the building to continue, in the price of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally used to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of pest insects can at times be radically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a pest, sterilising it by means of X-rays or various other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It is particularly helpful where a female only mates once and where the insect does not disperse widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, a few species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.